Stochastic Analysis of Miniature Optoelectronic Oscillators Based on Whispering-Gallery Mode Electrooptical Modulators

We propose a theoretical analysis of the stochastic dynamics miniature optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) based on whispering-gallery mode resonators. The core element in this microwave photonic oscillator is high-Q resonator with quadratic nonlinearity, which simultaneously performs electrooptical modulation, frequency filtering and energy storage. This multi-task allows to feature improved size, weight power metrics. In article, we analyze how various sources optical electrical noise are converted output signal fluctuations. use an approach differential equations characterize as function radiofrequency gain laser pump power. also us understand key parameters such its intrinsic extrinsic Q-factors influence system's below above threshold. time-domain numerical simulations for OEO provides excellent agreement analytical predictions.